How Do Quantum Computers Work?

Quantum computers operate on the principles of quantum mechanics, allowing them to process information in a fundamentally different way than classical computers. Unlike classical computers that use binary logic with definite states of 1 or 0, quantum computers utilize the probabilistic nature of quantum states to perform calculations. Quantum states are the undefined properties of an object before they are observed, such as the spin of an electron or the polarization of a photon.

In quantum computing, instead of a clear position, unmeasured quantum states exist in a superposition, similar to a spinning coin in mid-air before it lands. These superpositions can also become entangled with the states of other objects, resulting in mathematically related outcomes even if the final values are not yet known. Exploiting these entangled states and superpositions, quantum computers can solve problems that would be extremely time-consuming or even impossible for classical computers to tackle.

Various types of quantum computers are being developed, each addressing the challenge of preserving the delicate quantum states long enough to perform operations. The objective is to shield these states from decoherence, the loss of the superposition state when they interact with the measuring system. Researchers are exploring different approaches, such as using more robust quantum processes or improving error-checking methods, to overcome this challenge and build practical quantum computers.

The concept of quantum supremacy arises when a quantum computer surpasses the computational capabilities of classical computers. While classical technology currently remains superior in handling most tasks, some companies like IBM and Google are making significant strides in building quantum computers with increasing numbers of qubits and improved accuracy. However, not everyone is convinced of the practicality of quantum computers. Some mathematicians argue that certain computational problems are inherently difficult to solve using quantum algorithms, rendering quantum computing unattainable.

In conclusion, quantum computers utilize the principles of quantum mechanics to process information in a way that allows for exponential data processing compared to classical computers. By harnessing the power of quantum states, including superposition and entanglement, these computers have the potential to solve complex mathematical problems, enhance security codes, and predict chemical reactions. While quantum computing is still in its early stages, ongoing research and advancements in technology will determine its true potential and its ability to outperform classical computing systems.

Source: https://www.sciencealert.com/quantum-computers

What is Quantum Computing? | IBM

Quantum computing is a revolutionary approach to computation that harnesses the principles of quantum mechanics to perform complex calculations. Unlike classical computers that use bits to process information, quantum computers utilize qubits, which are quantum mechanical systems that can exist in multiple states simultaneously.

To operate a quantum computer, it is essential to maintain an extremely low temperature to prevent decoherence, which is the loss of quantum states. IBM achieves this by utilizing superconductors and superfluids. Superconductors are materials that exhibit zero resistance to the flow of electrons at ultra-low temperatures. Electrons passing through superconductors form Cooper pairs, which can carry charge across barriers, a phenomenon known as quantum tunneling. Josephson junctions, created by placing two superconductors on either side of an insulator, are used as superconducting qubits in IBM’s quantum computers.

Controlling the behavior of qubits is crucial for performing computations. IBM achieves this by firing microwave photons at the qubits via Josephson junctions. This control enables the manipulation, storage, and retrieval of quantum information.

One of the key properties of qubits is superposition. By placing a qubit in a state of superposition, it can represent a combination of all possible configurations simultaneously. This property allows groups of qubits in superposition to create multidimensional computational spaces, offering new ways to represent complex problems.

Quantum entanglement is another fundamental concept in quantum computing. When two qubits become entangled, changes made to one qubit will directly affect the other, regardless of the distance between them. This phenomenon has profound implications for communication and computation.

Interference is a phenomenon that arises from the wave-like nature of quantum systems. In an environment with entangled qubits in a state of superposition, there are waves of probabilities associated with the outcomes of measurements. Interference occurs when these waves interact, either reinforcing or canceling each other. By selectively using interference through a quantum circuit, which is designed based on a user-defined algorithm, certain outcomes are amplified while others are canceled out. The amplified outcomes represent the solutions to the computation being performed.

In summary, quantum computing is a paradigm-shifting approach to computation that utilizes qubits, superconductors, superfluids, and the principles of quantum mechanics. By leveraging properties such as superposition, entanglement, and interference, quantum computers have the potential to solve complex problems that are currently intractable for classical computers. IBM’s quantum processors, though small in size, operate at ultra-cold temperatures and allow for the control and manipulation of qubits to perform computations with unprecedented capabilities.

Source: https://www.ibm.com/topics/quantum-computing

Quantum Computing: Definition, How It’s Used, and Example

Quantum computing is a field of computer science that utilizes the principles of quantum theory to perform calculations. Quantum theory explains the behavior of energy and matter at the atomic and subatomic levels. Instead of using classical bits that represent either 1 or 0, quantum computing employs qubits, which are subatomic particles like electrons or photons that can exist in multiple states simultaneously.

Linked qubits in quantum computing can leverage the interference between their quantum states to perform calculations that would take millions of years on classical computers. This potential for faster processing makes quantum computing attractive for tackling complex computational problems more efficiently.

Quantum computing has gained attention from major companies like IBM, Microsoft, Google, and many others. These companies recognize the massive computing potential of quantum computers and the projected market size for their applications. Industries such as security, military affairs and intelligence, drug design and discovery, aerospace designing, utilities, polymer design, artificial intelligence, search, and digital manufacturing could benefit from quantum computing.

Superposition and entanglement are two fundamental features of quantum physics that underpin quantum computing. Superposition refers to the ability of qubits to be in a combination of all possible configurations simultaneously, allowing complex computational spaces to represent complex problems. Entanglement involves the pairing of qubits, causing them to exist in a single state where changes in one qubit affect the other predictably. Quantum algorithms take advantage of these features to solve complex problems, with the computational power of quantum computers increasing exponentially as more qubits are added.

However, quantum computing faces limitations. Quantum computers require specific conditions such as low atmospheric pressure, extremely low temperatures, and insulation from magnetic fields to prevent disturbances that can lead to errors. Quantum computers also have short operational intervals, which can result in data loss and make data recovery challenging.

Compared to classical computers, quantum computers have a simpler structure and use superconducting qubits for processing. Classical computers operate on bits and have lower computational power. They are suitable for everyday tasks with low error rates. Quantum computers, on the other hand, excel in more complex tasks such as simulations, data analysis, and energy-efficient battery creation, but they can have higher error rates.

Building a quantum computer is a time-consuming and expensive process. Companies like Google and IBM have invested significant resources to develop quantum computers. Google aims to launch a quantum computing service via the cloud, while IBM plans to have a 1,000-qubit quantum computer by 2023. Microsoft also offers access to quantum technology through its Azure Quantum platform, and there is interest from financial services firms like JPMorgan Chase and Visa.

In summary, quantum computing represents a significant departure from classical computing, harnessing the unique properties of quantum theory to perform complex calculations. Although it currently faces limitations and challenges, quantum computing holds great promise for solving intricate problems and has attracted the attention of prominent companies across various industries.

Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/quantum-computing.asp

How Quantum Computers Work

The concept of quantum computers is based on the theoretical framework established by the Turing machine in the 1930s. The Turing machine consists of an unlimited tape divided into squares that can hold symbols or remain blank. By reading and writing these symbols, the machine follows instructions to execute a program. In a quantum Turing machine, however, both the tape and the read-write head exist in a quantum state. This means that the symbols on the tape can be either 0 or 1, or even a superposition of both. Unlike a regular Turing machine, a quantum Turing machine can perform multiple calculations simultaneously.

While traditional computers operate using bits that exist in either a 0 or 1 state, quantum computers utilize quantum bits, or qubits, which can exist in a superposition of states. These qubits can represent various entities such as ions, photons, or electrons, along with their control devices. By harnessing the potential of superposition, quantum computers have the capacity to be significantly more powerful than even the most advanced supercomputers available today.

The inherent parallelism of quantum computers arises from the superposition of qubits. Physicist David Deutsch explains that this parallelism enables a quantum computer to work on an immense number of computations simultaneously, far surpassing the capabilities of a traditional desktop PC. For instance, a 30-qubit quantum computer could possess the processing power equivalent to a conventional computer operating at 10 teraflops (trillions of floating-point operations per second). In comparison, typical desktop computers currently operate at speeds measured in gigaflops (billions of floating-point operations per second).

Entanglement, another fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics, is also employed by quantum computers. One challenge in building quantum computers lies in the fact that observing subatomic particles can disrupt their values. Attempting to determine the value of a qubit in superposition can force it to assume either a 0 or 1 state, eliminating the advantages of a quantum system. To overcome this, scientists must find ways to indirectly measure qubits while preserving the integrity of the system. Entanglement offers a potential solution to this problem. In quantum physics, when two atoms are subjected to an external force, they can become entangled, causing the second atom to assume properties identical to the first. Consequently, when an atom is disturbed and selects a spin or value, the entangled atom simultaneously adopts the opposite spin or value. This property enables scientists to obtain information about qubits without directly observing them.

Continuing our exploration, let’s consider some recent advancements in the field of quantum computing.

Source: https://computer.howstuffworks.com/quantum-computer1.htm

ALL ABOUT QUANTUM COMPUTING

Quantum computing is poised to revolutionize the world as we know it, with potential applications that will impact various sectors, from mobility to healthcare. Unlike traditional computers that operate on binary code, quantum computers utilize the principles of superposition and quantum entanglement to perform complex tasks. IBM, a multinational company, is at the forefront of this technological advancement with its Q System One, a 3×3-meter glass cube housing 20 qubits that will soon be available to businesses and researchers.

Quantum computing is based on the principles of quantum mechanics, which is the branch of physics that studies atomic and subatomic particles. By leveraging quantum mechanics, these supercomputers can overcome the limitations of classical computing. While there are challenges related to scalability and incoherence in practical implementation, quantum computing allows for multiple simultaneous operations and eliminates the tunnel effect that restricts current nanoscale programming.

The fundamental unit of information in quantum computing is the qubit, unlike the traditional bit used in classical computing. A qubit can exist in multiple states simultaneously, allowing for parallel processing. For example, a quantum computer with just 30 qubits can perform a staggering 10 billion floating-point operations per second, far surpassing the capabilities of even the most powerful gaming consoles.

There are several key differences between quantum and traditional computing. Quantum computing lacks its own programming code and requires the development and implementation of specific algorithms. In contrast, traditional computing employs standardized programming languages such as Java, SQL, and Python. Furthermore, quantum computers are not intended for widespread everyday use like personal computers. Their complexity limits their application to corporate, scientific, and technological domains. The architecture of quantum computers is simpler, relying solely on a set of qubits.

Operating conditions for quantum computers are stringent due to their sensitivity. They require specific pressure, temperature, and magnetic field insulation to function properly. External particles can lead to measurement errors and state overlaps, necessitating a sealed environment and the use of conventional computers for operation. Quantum computers also have limited operational durations, making data storage and recovery even more challenging.

Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize various fields, including finance, healthcare, cybersecurity, and mobility. In finance, companies can optimize investment portfolios, improve fraud detection, and enhance simulation systems. The healthcare sector can benefit from the development of new drugs, personalized treatments, and advancements in DNA research. Quantum programming poses risks but also offers advances in data encryption, such as the Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system, which utilizes light signals for secure information transmission. In mobility and transport, quantum computing enables the design of more efficient aircraft, enhances traffic planning systems, and optimizes routes.

In conclusion, quantum computing is an exciting field with the potential to transform technology as we know it. With advancements in this area, various sectors stand to benefit from improved computational capabilities and innovative solutions to complex problems.

Source: https://www.iberdrola.com/innovation/what-is-quantum-computing

How Quantum Computers Work

The quest for more processing power in computers has been ongoing, but it seems that our demand for speed and capacity is insatiable. Back in 1947, Howard Aiken, an American computer engineer, predicted that just six electronic digital computers would be sufficient to meet the computing needs of the entire United States. However, this estimation didn’t account for the vast amount of data generated by scientific research or the advent of the internet, both of which have driven our hunger for more computing power.

Moore’s Law, which states that the number of transistors on a microprocessor doubles every 18 months, has been a guiding principle for the computer industry. If this trend continues, by 2020 or 2030, we may witness circuits on a microprocessor being measured on an atomic scale. This would mark a pivotal moment, leading us to the development of quantum computers.

Quantum computers have the potential to surpass silicon-based computers in terms of speed and capability. These computers would utilize atoms and molecules to perform calculations and process information. While scientists have already constructed basic quantum computers capable of specific calculations, the creation of a practical quantum computer is still some years away.

To understand the concept of quantum computing, we don’t need to delve too far into the past. Quantum computing emerged as a theoretical field less than three decades ago, originating from the work of physicist Paul Benioff at the Argonne National Laboratory in 1981. Benioff proposed the idea of a quantum Turing machine, which takes inspiration from the principles of quantum theory. It’s worth noting that most digital computers, including the one you’re using to read this article, are based on the Turing Theory.

A Turing machine is a theoretical device that can simulate any computer algorithm, using a tape with symbols and a read-write head. It operates based on a set of rules, enabling it to perform calculations. In the realm of quantum computing, the concept of a quantum Turing machine serves as a foundational idea, allowing scientists to explore the potential of quantum computers.

While traditional computers use bits to represent information as either 0s or 1s, quantum computers leverage the properties of quantum mechanics to operate with quantum bits, or qubits. Unlike classical bits, which can only be in a state of 0 or 1, qubits can exist in multiple states simultaneously, thanks to a phenomenon called superposition. This superposition allows quantum computers to process vast amounts of information simultaneously, enabling exponential computational power.

Another crucial aspect of quantum computing is entanglement. When qubits become entangled, the state of one qubit becomes dependent on the state of another, regardless of their physical separation. This phenomenon enables the transmission of information between qubits instantly, regardless of distance. Entanglement is a powerful property that can enhance the computational capabilities of quantum computers.

With the unique properties of superposition and entanglement, quantum computers have the potential to solve complex problems more efficiently than classical computers. They could excel in tasks such as prime factorization, optimization problems, and simulating quantum systems. Quantum computers could revolutionize various fields, including cryptography, drug discovery, optimization, and materials science.

However, significant challenges lie ahead before quantum computers become practical and widely accessible. Some of these challenges include improving qubit stability, reducing errors caused by quantum decoherence, and developing effective error-correction methods. Nonetheless, researchers and scientists around the world are working diligently to overcome these obstacles and unlock the full potential of quantum computing.

In conclusion, the pursuit of greater computing power continues, and quantum computers represent the next frontier in this journey. With their ability to leverage the properties of quantum mechanics, quantum computers could revolutionize various fields and solve complex problems at an unprecedented pace. While practical quantum computers are still on the horizon, the advancements made thus far lay a solid foundation for the future of computing.

Source: https://computer.howstuffworks.com/quantum-computer.htm

What Is Quantum Computing? The Complete WIRED Guide

Quantum computing is a revolutionary field that aims to overcome the limitations of traditional computers by utilizing the strange and counterintuitive principles of quantum physics. This technology has the potential to revolutionize various industries and fields, including cryptography, drug discovery, optimization problems, and artificial intelligence.

One of the fundamental units in quantum computing is the qubit, which is analogous to the classical bit in traditional computing. However, unlike classical bits that can represent either a 0 or a 1, qubits can exist in a superposition of both states simultaneously. This unique property allows quantum computers to perform parallel computations and solve complex problems more efficiently.

Superpositioning is a concept that allows qubits to be in multiple states at once. By manipulating qubits through quantum gates, scientists can perform calculations on all possible combinations of states simultaneously. This parallelism enables quantum computers to process vast amounts of data and perform complex calculations that would be practically impossible for classical computers.

Another remarkable phenomenon in quantum computing is entanglement, often referred to as spooky action at a distance. When qubits become entangled, the state of one qubit becomes correlated with the state of another, regardless of the physical distance between them. This property has important implications for quantum information processing and communication.

Quantum computers require a controlled and isolated environment to maintain the delicate quantum states of qubits. Any interaction with the external environment can cause decoherence, leading to errors in calculations. Scientists and engineers are working on developing error correction techniques and more stable qubit technologies to address this challenge.

Currently, quantum computers are in their early stages of development, and practical, large-scale quantum computers are yet to be realized. However, researchers and tech companies are making significant progress in building quantum systems with increasing numbers of qubits and improving their performance. Several companies and organizations, including IBM, Google, Microsoft, and academic institutions, are actively engaged in quantum computing research and development.

The potential applications of quantum computing are vast. For example, in cryptography, quantum computers could break currently secure encryption algorithms, leading to the need for new quantum-resistant encryption methods. In the field of drug discovery, quantum computers could simulate and analyze complex molecular interactions, significantly accelerating the development of new drugs. Quantum computing could also revolutionize optimization problems, such as route optimization for logistics or portfolio optimization in finance.

In conclusion, quantum computing is a groundbreaking technology that exploits the principles of quantum physics to enable powerful and efficient computational capabilities. Although still in its early stages, quantum computing holds great promise for solving complex problems that are beyond the reach of classical computers. As research and development progress, we can expect exciting advancements in this field that may reshape the future of computing and various industries.

Source: https://www.wired.com/story/wired-guide-to-quantum-computing/

How a quantum computer actually works

Quantum computing is the next frontier in technology, building upon the harnessing of natural phenomena for useful tasks that has occurred throughout history. Just as steam powered the industrial revolution and electrons were utilized by the electronics industry, the 21st century will see the exploitation of quantum properties of materials for information processing.

In a classical computer, bits are used as tiny electronic switches that can represent values of either 0 or 1. These bits follow binary logic to perform operations. However, in a quantum computer, things are different. Quantum objects, such as atoms, molecules, and electrons, possess inherently undefined properties. For example, an electron’s position cannot be precisely determined.

Quantum computing takes advantage of these undefined properties. Instead of using traditional bits, quantum objects are used to create qubits, which are the quantum equivalent of bits. For instance, an electron can be described by its spin, either up or down, with 0 assigned to an up spin and 1 assigned to a down spin. However, in the quantum realm, the electron can exist in a superposition state, a combination of both 0 and 1, until it interacts with its environment, leading to a measurement.

The process of interference plays a crucial role in quantum computing. By combining multiple qubits, interference effects can be created, altering the spins and influencing their interactions. This interference guides the qubits towards a higher probability of reaching a particular final state, similar to waves converging in the ocean.

Superposition, interference, and a third phenomenon called entanglement contribute to the speed and capabilities of quantum computers. Entanglement occurs when quantum particles interact in specific ways, causing their properties to become shared. Measurements on one entangled particle can affect subsequent measurements on other entangled particles, even if they are not physically connected. This phenomenon, famously referred to by Albert Einstein as spooky action at a distance, is difficult to replicate in classical computers and is essential for quantum computers to outperform classical ones.

Quantum computers excel in certain types of problems. They are particularly advantageous in cases where it is challenging to find the answer but easy to verify it. For example, factoring large numbers, which is crucial for encryption algorithms, is a difficult task for classical computers. However, in 1994, mathematician Peter Shor developed an algorithm that uses quantum interference effects to efficiently factor large numbers.

Despite the potential of quantum computing, Shor’s algorithm is one of only three applications where quantum computers are expected to outperform classical machines. The other two applications include Grover’s algorithm for search functions and simulation of quantum systems like atoms and molecules. Nevertheless, these three applications have attracted the interest of various industries, including the military, pharmaceutical companies, and information processing sectors.

The timeline of quantum computing highlights significant milestones in the field. In 1981, physicist Richard Feynman discussed the potential advantages of computing with quantum systems. In 1985, physicist David Deutsch proposed the concept of a universal quantum computer. In 1994, Peter Shor presented his groundbreaking algorithm for factoring large numbers. Lov Grover introduced his algorithm for searching unstructured databases in 1996. In 2019, Google claimed to have achieved quantum supremacy, marking a significant milestone in the field.

As we continue to explore the potential of quantum computing, there is a vast uncharted territory waiting to be discovered. The development of new algorithms and applications will further expand the capabilities and impact of quantum computers, paving the way for a future of possibilities.

Source: https://www.protocol.com/manuals/quantum-computing/how-a-quantum-computer-works

Are Quantum Computers Real?

The concept of quantum computers is a complex and fascinating topic, and the reality of their existence is a mixture of yes, no, and everything in between. Quantum computers do exist, but they are still far from being fully operational models. To understand the reality of quantum computing, it’s important to delve into its basic premise and core principles.

Quantum computing is a conceptual reality. It builds on a theoretical foundation and is based on the principles of quantum mechanics. However, the current quantum computers are not yet fully functioning representations of what they can potentially achieve. According to experts, it would require around 1,000 logical qubits to accomplish significant work, and each of these would need about 1,000 physical qubits. While companies like IBM have made advancements in quantum computing, surpassing the 100-qubit barrier, they are still a long way from the estimated 1,000,000 qubits needed for a fully operational quantum computer.

When it comes to the number of quantum computers, it’s important to differentiate between different types and definitions. Many research centers have performed quantum computing calculations, but they might not meet the typical reader’s definition of a quantum computer. For instance, in 2000, scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory developed a seven-qubit quantum computer, which was housed within a single drop of liquid. However, most people wouldn’t consider this to be a working quantum computer.

Furthermore, there are distinctions between quantum gates and quantum annealing. Quantum annealing is used to find optimization in fixed parameter situations, such as the traveling salesman problem. It’s focused on finding optimal efficiencies within known limits. On the other hand, quantum gate technology deals with problems without previously defined solutions. When counting quantum gate computers, even laboratory computers within a single drop of acid can be included. The more specific the definition of a quantum computer, the more specific the answer to the question of how many exist becomes.

Several organizations have made progress in building working quantum computers. IBM, Google, Honeywell, Intel, and others are at the forefront of gate model quantum computer innovation. D-Wave specializes in quantum annealing computers, and various universities have developed different types of qubit circuits.

However, the highly theoretical nature of quantum computing makes it challenging to define what a quantum computer truly is and to determine the exact number of existing quantum computers. Disagreements among industry leaders are common, highlighting the complexity and ongoing debates in this field.

While quantum computing offers the potential for significant advancements in specialized areas, experts disagree on whether it will replace classical computers. The logistics and costs associated with operating quantum computers at near-absolute-zero temperatures are likely to exceed what average users are willing to pay. Quantum computers are more likely to form a third arm of computing power, alongside classical desktops and supercomputers. They will likely find specialized applications in research fields like pharmacology and meteorology.

The advantages of quantum computing over classical computing are significant. Quantum computers could provide exponential performance improvements compared to even the most powerful supercomputers. They operate using qubits that can leverage superposition and quantum entanglement, offering possibilities that go beyond the capabilities of classical computing. This potential leap forward is similar to the transformation supercomputers brought to desktop PCs by transitioning from serial processing to parallel processing.

In summary, quantum computers are a conceptual reality with existing functional models. However, they are still far from being fully operational and widely accessible. The number of quantum computers is difficult to determine precisely due to differing definitions and the highly theoretical nature of the field. Quantum computing offers tremendous potential but is unlikely to replace classical computers entirely. Instead, it will likely complement existing computing technologies and find specialized applications in specific research areas. The advantages of quantum computing over classical computing are significant, promising exponential performance improvements and groundbreaking possibilities.

Source: https://blog.purestorage.com/purely-informational/are-quantum-computers-real/

Explained: What is quantum computing and how will it change the world?

Quantum computing, an emerging field that utilizes the principles of quantum mechanics, has generated a great deal of excitement and speculation. These powerful machines have the potential to revolutionize various industries and tackle complex problems. Major technology companies like IBM, Google, Microsoft, and Amazon are heavily investing in quantum computing and striving to secure their position in the quantum future.

Unlike classical computing, which relies on binary code and operates on the principle of bits (0s and 1s), quantum computers operate on the basis of quantum bits, or qubits. Qubits are subatomic particles, such as photons or electrons, that can store quantum information. Unlike classical bits, which can only represent either 0 or 1, qubits can exist in a superposition of both states simultaneously. This property of superposition allows quantum computers to encode data in exponentially more states, making them significantly more powerful than traditional computers.

Another crucial aspect of quantum computing is entanglement. When two qubits are entangled, they exhibit a strong correlation regardless of the distance between them. This phenomenon, which puzzled even Albert Einstein, enables quantum computers to have enhanced computational power and connectivity.

The potential applications of quantum computing are vast. Proponents believe that these machines could accelerate advancements in drug discovery, materials science, and other fields. For example, quantum computers could aid in designing more efficient batteries for electric vehicles, developing materials for CO2 capture, or creating customized materials for various purposes. With the looming climate crisis, the ability to solve such complex problems has garnered significant interest from both researchers and tech companies.

However, along with the promises of quantum computing come certain concerns. One major issue is the potential threat to data security. Quantum computers possess immense computational capabilities that could render current encryption protocols obsolete. To address this, experts recommend updating cryptography algorithms to quantum-safe alternatives. While preparations can be made to protect future communications, data that is currently stored without quantum-safe encryption could be vulnerable once quantum computers become a reality.

Despite these risks, the potential benefits of quantum computing outweigh the drawbacks. The ability to simulate the physical world at a quantum level and design new materials for various applications could have a profound impact on areas such as energy storage, food production, and climate change mitigation. Breaking cryptography is seen as a side effect rather than the primary objective of quantum computers, and efforts are being made to develop solutions to mitigate this risk.

In conclusion, quantum computing is a field with immense potential to transform various industries and address complex global challenges. Its ability to manipulate qubits through superposition and entanglement opens up new possibilities for computational power and problem-solving. While concerns exist regarding data security, steps can be taken to adapt encryption methods and safeguard sensitive information. As quantum computers continue to evolve, their impact on the world could be truly groundbreaking.

Source: https://www.euronews.com/next/2023/04/12/what-is-quantum-computing-and-what-does-a-quantum-computer-do